تاثیر هورمون استروئیدی تستوسترون بر رشد گیاهچه، فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان و کالوس‌زایی گیاه بابونه آلمانی Matricaria chamomilla .L

In order to study the effects of steroidal testosterone hormone on seedling growth, antioxidant enzyme activity and also on callus induction from leaf explants of German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under in vitro culture, an experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with three replications using MS medium containing different concentrations of testosterone (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg l-1) alone or in combination with a steady concentration of 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and Benzylaminopurine (BAP). The results showed that this hormone at concentration of 10 mg l-1 increased seedling length, seedling fresh weight, and root fresh weight. Peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities were increased at concentrations of 1 and 10 mg l-1 of this hormone. Also, catalase activity was increased at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mg l-1. Although the callus induction from leaf explants were observed after one to two weeks in all media, its growth depending on the presence of phytohormones and concentration of testosterone hormone were different. The most callus fresh weight of leaf explants alone and in combination with NAA and BAP was achieved at low concentration (0.01 mg l-1) of testosterone hormone that was significantly different from the control. Results of this study showed that this hormone can play an important role in optimizing the growth of plants and improvement of callus growth.